Glyvon HealthHOMA-IR is a clinical formula that estimates insulin resistance from a fasting blood draw — no OGTT required. Published by Matthews et al. in 1985, it remains the most-cited surrogate for insulin sensitivity worldwide.
One-line summary
HOMA-IR = (fasting glucose × fasting insulin) / 405. Values < 2.0 normal, 2.0–2.5 borderline, > 2.5 insulin resistance, > 5.0 severe. Always interpret with a clinician.
Formula
HOMA-IR = (Fasting Glucose mg/dL × Fasting Insulin μU/mL) / 405
For SI units: HOMA-IR = (Glucose mmol/L × Insulin μU/mL) / 22.5
If you already have fasting glucose and fasting insulin results, you can use the HOMA-IR calculator to run the same formula and discuss the result with your clinician.
Reference ranges
| HOMA-IR | Class | Clinical meaning |
|---|---|---|
| < 2.0 | Normal | Insulin sensitive |
| 2.0–2.5 | Borderline | Lifestyle intervention recommended |
| 2.5–5.0 | Insulin resistance | Clinical evaluation |
| > 5.0 | Severe | Endocrinology consult |
Why it matters
- Predicts type 2 diabetes 5–10 years before fasting glucose rises
- Detects PCOS, NAFLD, metabolic syndrome
- Tracks treatment response
- Easier than OGTT or clamp
How to test
- 12-hour overnight fast
- Single morning blood draw
- Lab measures glucose + insulin
- Calculate HOMA-IR
Limitations
- Not valid in type 1 diabetes (no endogenous insulin)
- Insulin assays vary between labs
- Not validated in pregnancy
- Less reliable in advanced type 2 (beta-cell failure)
Frequently asked questions
What is a normal HOMA-IR?
In adults, HOMA-IR < 2.0 is generally considered normal. Values 2.0–2.5 are borderline and > 2.5 indicate insulin resistance.
Can I lower my HOMA-IR?
Yes. Weight loss, regular exercise (especially resistance training), low-glycemic diet, adequate sleep and stress management can reduce HOMA-IR by 30–50% within 12 weeks.
Is HOMA-IR a diagnosis?
No — it's a screening surrogate. Clinical diagnosis requires fasting glucose, HbA1c, OGTT and physician evaluation.
How often should I test?
Annually for at-risk adults (BMI > 25, family history). Every 3–6 months when actively treating insulin resistance.
Medical disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and does not replace individual medical advice.