Glyvon HealthType 2 diabetes is a chronic condition where the body can't use insulin effectively (insulin resistance) and over time can't produce enough. It accounts for ~90% of all diabetes and is largely preventable.
Summary
Type 2 = insulin resistance + progressive pancreas decline. Diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL, HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, or OGTT 2-hr ≥ 200.
Symptoms
- Excessive thirst, urination
- Increased hunger
- Unexplained weight loss (late)
- Fatigue
- Blurred vision
- Slow-healing wounds
- Frequent UTIs
- Acanthosis nigricans
Diagnostic criteria (ADA)
| Test | Threshold |
|---|---|
| Fasting glucose | ≥ 126 mg/dL |
| HbA1c | ≥ 6.5% |
| OGTT 2-hr | ≥ 200 mg/dL |
| Random + symptoms | ≥ 200 mg/dL |
Treatment: medications
| Class | Example | Effect |
|---|---|---|
| Biguanide | Metformin | First-line |
| GLP-1 | Semaglutide | Suppresses appetite |
| SGLT2 | Empagliflozin | Cardio-protective |
| Insulin | Basal/bolus | When needed |
Lifestyle treatment
- 5–7% weight loss
- 150 min/week cardio + 2 days resistance
- Low-glycemic diet
- 25–30 g fiber
- Quit smoking
- Stress management
- 7–9 hours sleep
Type 1 vs Type 2
| Type 1 | Type 2 | |
|---|---|---|
| Mechanism | Autoimmune | Resistance + decline |
| Onset | Childhood-young | 40+ |
| Treatment | Insulin always | Lifestyle + meds |
| Prevalence | 5–10% | 90–95% |
Frequently asked questions
Can type 2 diabetes be reversed?
In early stages (first 5 years), significant weight loss can lead to remission. Late-stage pancreatic decline isn't reversible.
Do I need insulin for type 2?
Rarely at start. Most patients do well on metformin + lifestyle. Insulin may be needed after 10–15 years.
Is type 2 diabetes fatal?
Not when well-managed. Complications affect lifespan if untreated.
What can't I eat?
No forbidden foods — portion and timing matter. Minimize sugary drinks, white flour, fried foods.
Medical disclaimer: This content is for educational purposes only and does not replace individual medical advice.